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Bishop score, also Bishop's score or cervix score, is a pre-labor scoring system to assist in predicting whether induction of labor will be required. [1] It has also been used to assess the likelihood of spontaneous preterm delivery. [2]
A score of 8 and above indicates induction of labor is favorable and the possibility of a vaginal delivery with induction will be similar to spontaneous labor. [ 10 ] Cervical effacement is an important component of the Bishop score and is reported as a percentage. 0% indicates the cervix is at normal length, 50% indicates the cervix is half of ...
Partograph. A partogram or partograph is a composite graphical record of key data (maternal and fetal) during labour entered against time on a single sheet of paper. Relevant measurements might include statistics such as cervical dilation, fetal heart rate, duration of labour and vital signs.
Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a German standard medical text for midwives published in 1513. In obstetrics, the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal.
With four weeks left in the NFL regular season, only four teams have clinched playoff spots. But several more could join them in Week 15.
A small pelvis of the mother can be a result of many factors. Risk factors for a small pelvis include malnutrition and a lack of exposure to sunlight causing vitamin D deficiency. [3] A deficiency in calcium can also result in a small pelvis as the structures of the pelvic bones will be weak due to the lack of calcium. [11]
Continuing this logic, a minimax estimator should be a Bayes estimator with respect to a least favorable prior distribution of . To demonstrate this notion denote the average risk of the Bayes estimator δ π {\displaystyle \delta _{\pi }\,\!} with respect to a prior distribution π {\displaystyle \pi \,\!} as
The pelvis must be orientated such that the observer is looking at the dorsal aspect of the pubis and ischio-pubic ramus. Phenice describes the subpubic concavity as ‘a lateral recurve which occurs in the ischio-pubic ramus… a short distance below the lower margin of the pubic symphysis.’ This is also only found in female examples.