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The 3rd Alternative: Solving Life's Most Difficult Problems, published in 2011, is a self-help book by Stephen Covey, also the author of The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. In it, he takes a more detailed look at habit six from that book, "synergize". [ 1 ]
The worked-example effect is a learning effect predicted by cognitive load theory. [1] [full citation needed] Specifically, it refers to improved learning observed when worked examples are used as part of instruction, compared to other instructional techniques such as problem-solving [2] [page needed] and discovery learning.
An example of backward chaining. If X croaks and X eats flies – Then X is a frog; If X chirps and X sings – Then X is a canary; If X is a frog – Then X is green; If X is a canary – Then X is yellow; With backward reasoning, an inference engine can determine whether Fritz is green in four steps.
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a teaching method in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem found in trigger material. The PBL process does not focus on problem solving with a defined solution, but it allows for the development of other desirable skills and attributes.
Logic problems of all natures may be resolved via Ariadne's thread, the maze being but an example. At present, it is most prominently applied to Sudoku puzzles, used to attempt values for as-yet-unsolved cells. The medium of the thread for puzzle-solving can vary widely, from a pencil to numbered chits to a computer program, but all accomplish ...
Backcasting [is] both an important aid in determining the direction technology development must take and in specifying the targets to be set for this purpose. As such, backcasting is an ideal search toward determining the nature and scope of the technological challenge posed by sustainable development, and it can thus serve to direct the search ...
Backward induction is the process of determining a sequence of optimal choices by reasoning from the endpoint of a problem or situation back to its beginning using individual events or actions. [1] Backward induction involves examining the final point in a series of decisions and identifying the optimal process or action required to arrive at ...
Generally problem solving adopts a very procedural approach. Problem solving in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics has been highly procedural. The best approach so far is to teach these procedures through instructional text accompanied by specific worked examples.