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The reports provide guidelines intending to give guidelines to reduce the health effects of air pollution. [2] The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2]
Maternal PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy is also associated with high blood pressure in children. [218] Inhalation of PM 2.5 – PM 10 is associated with elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as low birth weight. [219] Exposure to PM 2.5 has been associated with greater reductions in birth weight than exposure to PM 10. [220]
Worldwide, PM 10 concentrations of 70 μg/m 3 and PM 2.5 concentrations of 35 μg/m 3 have been shown to increase long-term mortality by 15%. [29] More so, approximately 4.2 million of all premature deaths observed in 2016 occurred due to airborne particulate pollution, 91% of which occurred in countries with low to middle socioeconomic status.
“Moreover, they can cause side effects such as diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain and even allergic reactions in some individuals.” Related: The Best & Worst Foods for Your Joints. 2 ...
As of 2012, the CAQI had two mandatory components for the roadside index, NO 2 and PM 10, and three mandatory components for the background index, NO 2, PM 10 and O 3. It also included optional pollutants PM 2.5, CO and SO 2. A "sub-index" is calculated for each of the mandatory (and optional if available) components.
Side effects: Side effects are possible with any medication, including topical pain relievers. Ahmad says the most common side effect is skin irritation, which certain ingredients or preservatives ...
Air pollution is among the biggest health problems of modern industrial society and is responsible for more than 10 percent of all deaths worldwide (nearly 4.5 million premature deaths in 2019), according to The Lancet. Air pollution can affect nearly every organ and system of the body, negatively affecting nature and humans alike.
This list contains the top 500 cities by PM2.5 annual mean concentration measurement as documented by the World Health Organization covering the period from 2010 to 2022. The January 2024 version of the WHO database contains results of ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 5,390 towns and cities in 63 countries.