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As a cleansing agent for domestic purposes like washing clothes. Sodium carbonate is a component of many dry soap powders. It has detergent properties through the process of saponification, which converts fats and grease to water-soluble salts (specifically, soaps). [15] It is used for lowering the hardness of water [16] (see § Water softening).
Ammonium nitrate on strong heating yields dinitrogen oxide ("laughing gas") and water. Ammonium nitrite on heating yields nitrogen gas and water. Barium azide-"Ba(N 3)"on heating yields barium metal and nitrogen gas. Sodium azide on heating at 300 °C (573 K; 572 °F) violently decomposes to nitrogen and metallic sodium.
In 1935, Linus Pauling used the ice rules to calculate the residual entropy (zero temperature entropy) of ice I h. [3] For this (and other) reasons the rules are sometimes mis-attributed and referred to as "Pauling's ice rules" (not to be confused with Pauling's rules for ionic crystals). A nice figure of the resulting structure can be found in ...
The specific enthalpy of fusion (more commonly known as latent heat) of water is 333.55 kJ/kg at 0 °C: the same amount of energy is required to melt ice as to warm ice from −160 °C up to its melting point or to heat the same amount of water by about 80 °C. Of common substances, only that of ammonia is higher.
With radiation equilibrium temperatures of 40–50 K, [177] the objects in the Kuiper Belt are expected to have amorphous water ice. While water ice has been observed on several objects, [178] [179] the extreme faintness of these objects makes it difficult to determine the structure of the ices. The signatures of crystalline water ice was ...
Table of specific heat capacities at 25 °C (298 K) unless otherwise noted. [citation needed] Notable minima and maxima are shown in maroon. Substance Phase Isobaric mass heat capacity c P J⋅g −1 ⋅K −1 Molar heat capacity, C P,m and C V,m J⋅mol −1 ⋅K −1 Isobaric volumetric heat capacity C P,v J⋅cm −3 ⋅K −1 Isochoric ...
Commonly seen as the "fizz" in carbonated beverages, carbonic acid will spontaneously decompose over time into carbon dioxide and water. The reaction is written as: H 2 CO 3 → H 2 O + CO 2. Other carbonates will decompose when heated to produce their corresponding metal oxide and carbon dioxide. [5]
Where a space-heating water boiler is employed, the traditional arrangement in the UK and Ireland is to use boiler-heated (primary) water to heat potable (secondary) water contained in a cylindrical vessel (usually made of copper)—which is supplied from a cold water storage vessel or container, usually in the roof space of the building.