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An external ventricular drain (EVD), also known as a ventriculostomy or extraventricular drain, is a device used in neurosurgery to treat hydrocephalus and relieve elevated intracranial pressure when the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the brain is obstructed.
The anterior cardiac veins drain the front of the right ventricle and drain directly into the right atrium. [8] Small lymphatic networks called plexuses exist beneath each of the three layers of the heart. These networks collect into a main left and a main right trunk, which travel up the groove between the ventricles that exists on the heart's ...
It is done by surgically penetrating the skull, dura mater, and brain such that the ventricular system ventricle of the brain is accessed. When catheter drainage is temporary, it is commonly referred to as an external ventricular drain (EVD). When catheter drainage is permanent, it is usually referred to as a shunt.
The ventricular system is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord from the fourth ventricle, [3] allowing for the flow of CSF to circulate. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] All of the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord are lined with ependyma , a specialised form of epithelium connected by tight junctions that make up the blood ...
In vertebrates, the circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the body. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It includes the cardiovascular system , or vascular system , that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek kardia meaning heart , and Latin vascula meaning vessels ).
The thickness of the posterior left ventricular wall. 8.3 mm, [20] Range 7 – 11 mm [21] Mean left ventricular myocardial thickness: Mean LVMT: Average thickness of the left ventricle, with numbers given as 95% prediction interval for the short axis images at the mid-cavity level [22] Women: 4 - 8 mm [22] Men: 5 - 9 mm [22]
It also receives blood from the left marginal vein and the left posterior ventricular vein. [citation needed] Great cardiac vein (run upwards in the anterior interventricular sulcus to the left atrioventricular groove to form the coronary sinus; [6] Middle cardiac vein (ascends posterior interventricular sulcus to drain into coronary sinus); [6]
The smallest cardiac veins (also known as the Thebesian veins (named for Adam Christian Thebesius) are small, valveless veins in the walls of all four heart chambers [1] that drain venous blood from the myocardium [2] directly into any of the heart chambers. [3] They are most abundant in the right atrium, and least abundant in the left ventricle.