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This oxidized zirconium alloy material provides the beneficial surface properties of a ceramic (reduced friction and increased abrasion resistance), while retaining the beneficial bulk properties of the underlying metal (manufacturability, fracture toughness, and ductility), providing a good solution for these medical implant applications.
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2), sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zirconium silicate or zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium.Its most naturally occurring form, with a monoclinic crystalline structure, is the mineral baddeleyite.
Zirconium is a chemical element; it has symbol Zr and atomic number 40. First identified in 1789, isolated in impure form in 1824, and manufactured at scale by 1925, pure zirconium is a lustrous transition metal with a greyish-white color that closely resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium.
Zircon (/ ˈ z ɜːr k ɒ n,-k ən /) [7] [8] [9] is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates and is a source of the metal zirconium. Its chemical name is zirconium(IV) silicate, and its corresponding chemical formula is Zr SiO 4. An empirical formula showing some of the range of substitution in zircon is (Zr 1–y, REE y)(SiO 4) 1–x ...
Pyrolysis of zirconium(IV) iodide gas by contact with a hot wire was the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile metallic zirconium. This crystal bar process was developed by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925. [5] Heating the tetraiodide with zirconium metal gives zirconium triiodide: [4]
Potassium hexafluorozirconate is used as an intermediate product in the electrolytic production of metallic zirconium. It is also used as a flame retardant for wool, [ 5 ] grain refining agent in magnesium and aluminum alloys, welding flux, and optical glass component.
Zirconium diboride (ZrB 2) is a highly covalent refractory ceramic material with a hexagonal crystal structure. ZrB 2 is an ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) with a melting point of 3246 °C.
Zirconium(II) hydride has a dihedral (C 2v) structure. In zirconium(II) hydride, the formal oxidation states of zirconium and hydrogen are +2 and −1, respectively, because the electronegativity of zirconium is lower than that of hydrogen. The stability of metal hydrides with the formula MH 2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) decreases from Ti to Hf.