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Positive youth development originated from ecological systems theory to focus on the strengths of adolescents. [11] Central to this theory is the understanding that there are multiple environments that influence children.
In contrast, the assets approach focused on building strengths. The developmental assets framework became the predominant positive youth development approach in the world, cited more than 17,000 times, and the framework and surveys developed to measure the assets have been used with more than 3 million youths in more than 60 countries. [1] [2]
Researchers found that positive youth development was influenced by contextual factors such as relationships with family and friends, as well as individual factors such as natural motivation and engagement levels. [9] The 4-H study also provided evidence for the individual having an active role in their development.
Patrick Henry Tolan is an American psychologist, academic, and author.He is a Founding Director Emeritus of the Youth-Nex Center for Effective Youth Development, an Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), [1] and the Charles S. Robb Professor Emeritus at the University of Virginia.
Big Brothers/Big Sisters is a positive youth development program targeted in the community domain that demonstrates substantial behavioural outcomes for youth. [25] This program sought to promote positive identity and competence by creating a strong bond with a healthy adult. These healthy adults, or mentors, committed a minimum of several ...
Hawkins' research has included a focus on the factors that influence positive youth development. His examination of youth development programs in the United States, [37] elucidated the shift in approach from a singular problem-focused perspective to an emphasis on factors that impacted both positive and problem youth development. [38]
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Positive adult development is a subfield of developmental psychology that studies positive development during adulthood. It is one of four major forms of adult developmental study that can be identified, according to Michael Commons ; the other three forms are directionless change, stasis, and decline. [ 1 ]