Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The above expression makes clear that the uncertainty coefficient is a normalised mutual information I(X;Y). In particular, the uncertainty coefficient ranges in [0, 1] as I(X;Y) < H(X) and both I(X,Y) and H(X) are positive or null. Note that the value of U (but not H!) is independent of the base of the log since all logarithms are proportional.
Uncertainty propagation is the quantification of uncertainties in system output(s) propagated from uncertain inputs. It focuses on the influence on the outputs from the parametric variability listed in the sources of uncertainty. The targets of uncertainty propagation analysis can be:
In economics, in 1921 Frank Knight distinguished uncertainty from risk with uncertainty being lack of knowledge which is immeasurable and impossible to calculate. Because of the absence of clearly defined statistics in most economic decisions where people face uncertainty, he believed that we cannot measure probabilities in such cases; this is ...
In physical experiments uncertainty analysis, or experimental uncertainty assessment, deals with assessing the uncertainty in a measurement.An experiment designed to determine an effect, demonstrate a law, or estimate the numerical value of a physical variable will be affected by errors due to instrumentation, methodology, presence of confounding effects and so on.
the population mean or expected value in probability and statistics; a measure in measure theory; micro-, an SI prefix denoting 10 −6 (one millionth) Micrometre or micron (retired in 1967 as a standalone symbol, replaced by "μm" using the standard SI meaning) the coefficient of friction in physics; the service rate in queueing theory
The "biased mean" vertical line is found using the expression above for μ z, and it agrees well with the observed mean (i.e., calculated from the data; dashed vertical line), and the biased mean is above the "expected" value of 100. The dashed curve shown in this figure is a Normal PDF that will be addressed later.
The ghost in the system becomes not a specter to fear but a guide to follow—a reminder that uncertainty, far from being a problem, is the very ground upon which creativity and meaning unfold.
Econometrics is an application of statistical methods to economic data in order to give empirical content to economic relationships. [1] More precisely, it is "the quantitative analysis of actual economic phenomena based on the concurrent development of theory and observation, related by appropriate methods of inference."