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The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.
A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. It can be caused by a mutation in a single gene (monogenic) or multiple genes (polygenic) or by a chromosome abnormality. Although polygenic disorders are the most common, the term is mostly used when discussing disorders with a single genetic cause ...
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multi-systemic genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue. [6][7][1] Those with the condition tend to be tall and thin, with long arms, legs, fingers, and toes. [1] They also typically have exceptionally flexible joints and abnormally curved spines. [1]
Williams syndrome (WS), also Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS), is a genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body. [2] Facial features frequently include a broad forehead, underdeveloped chin, short nose, and full cheeks. [2] Mild to moderate intellectual disability is observed, particularly challenges with visual spatial tasks such as ...
Frequency. 1 in 12,000 to 20,000 people [6] Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder that mainly affects the nervous system. [6] Symptoms include a small head and a specific facial appearance, severe intellectual disability, developmental disability, limited to no functional speech, balance and movement problems, seizures, and sleep ...
Haemophilia (British English), or hemophilia (American English) [6] (from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma) 'blood' and φιλία (philía) 'love of'), [7] is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding. [2][3] This results in people bleeding for a longer time after ...
Trisomy 21. Down syndrome (also known by the karyotype 47,XX,+21 for females and 47,XY,+21 for males) [98] is mostly caused by a failure of the 21st chromosome to separate during egg or sperm development, known as nondisjunction. [91] As a result, a sperm or egg cell is produced with an extra copy of chromosome 21; this cell thus has 24 ...
1 per 5,000 births [3] Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards syndrome, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of all or part of chromosome 18. [3] Many parts of the body are affected. [3] Babies are often born small and have heart defects. [3] Other features include a small head, small jaw, clenched fists with overlapping ...