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The Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXV, alternatively 25th Dynasty or Dynasty 25), also known as the Nubian Dynasty, the Kushite Empire, the Black Pharaohs, [2] [3] or the Napatans, after their capital Napata, [4] was the last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt that occurred after the Kushite invasion.
Shebitku or Shabataka [3] (Ancient Egyptian: šꜣ-bꜣ-tꜣ-kꜣ, Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒃻𒉺𒋫𒆪𒀪, romanized: Šapatakuʾ, Ancient Greek: Σεθῶν Sethōn or Ancient Greek: Σαβάκων Sabakōn) [4] [5] also known as Shebitqo, was the second pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt who ruled from 714 BC – 705 BC, according to the most recent academic research.
The 31 pre-Ptolemaic dynasties by the length of their rule (in 25-year bins), [q] each dynasty being a coloured box. The early dynasties and the three Kingdoms are blue, with darker colours meaning older.
The family tree of the 25th Dynasty is too complex to show in its entirety and it is not always clear whether a pharaoh is a son or brother of his predecessor. The following is a simplified – yet updated to 2017 – version following the new dynastic arrangement which sees Shebitku as Shabaka's predecessor rather than successor as traditionally stated.
On account of the Kingdom of Kush's proximity to Ancient Egypt – the first cataract at Elephantine usually being considered the traditional border between the two polities – and because the 25th dynasty ruled over both states in the eighth century BC, from the Rift Valley to the Taurus mountains, historians have closely associated the study ...
Taharqa, also spelled Taharka or Taharqo (Ancient Egyptian: 𓇿𓉔𓃭𓈎, romanized: tꜣhrwq, Akkadian: Tar-qu-ú, Hebrew: תִּרְהָקָה, romanized: Tīrhāqā, Manetho's Tarakos, Strabo's Tearco), was a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt and qore (king) of the Kingdom of Kush (present day Sudan) from 690 to 664 BC.
The archaeological evidence now in 2016–2017 firmly favours a Shebitku-Shabaka succession. Gerard Broekman's GM 251 (2017) paper shows that Shebitku reigned before Shabaka since the upper edge of Shabaka's NLR #30's Year 2 Karnak quay inscription was carved over the left-hand side of the lower edge of Shebitku's NLR#33 Year 3 inscription. [9]
Piye (also interpreted as Pankhy or Piankhi; [3] [a] d. 714 BC) was an ancient Kushite king and founder of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt, who ruled Egypt from 744–714 BC. [6] He ruled from the city of Napata, located deep in Nubia, modern-day Sudan.