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ATP synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ... but mainly functioning as an ATP synthase. [26] Like the bacteria F-ATPase, it is believed to also function as an ...
A-ATPases (A1Ao ATPases) are found in Archaea and function like F-ATPases. T3SS / flagellum ATPases, which are homologous to both parts of the A/F/V rotary ATPases: strongly in the "1" part, and weakly in the "O" part. [5] Ring-shaped DNA helicases like the Rho factor, where the ring is homologus to the α/β subunits. [6]
F-ATP synthases are identical in appearance and function except for the mitochondrial F 0 F 1-ATP synthase, which contains 7-9 additional subunits. [12] The electrochemical potential is what causes the c-ring to rotate in a clockwise direction for ATP synthesis. This causes the central stalk and the catalytic domain to change shape.
This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP from ADP and a phosphate group. Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidized glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system). [5]
ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. It allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to convert phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into ATP. The ATP synthase contains two parts: CF0 (present in thylakoid membrane) and CF1 (protrudes on the outer surface of thylakoid membrane).
This gradient is used by the F O F 1 ATP synthase complex to make ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is sometimes described as Complex V of the electron transport chain. [10] The F O component of ATP synthase acts as an ion channel that provides for a proton flux back into the mitochondrial matrix. It is composed of a, b and c ...
F-ATPase, also known as F-Type ATPase, is an ATPase/synthase found in bacterial plasma membranes, in mitochondrial inner membranes (in oxidative phosphorylation, where it is known as Complex V), and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes.
In eukaryotes, they are found in the mitochondrial inner membranes and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Like V-type ATPases, F-type ATPases are composed of multiple subunits and carry out rotary catalysis. The reaction cycle involves tight binding of ATP but proceeds without formation of a covalent phosphorylated intermediate.