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The stimulants are the first line of treatment for ADHD, with proven efficacy, but they do fail in up to 20% of cases, even in patients without tic disorders. [269] Current prescribed stimulant medications include: methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and mixed amphetamine salts . Other medications can be used when stimulants are not an option.
Depending on its method of action, a psychoactive substance may block the receptors on the post-synaptic neuron , or block reuptake or affect neurotransmitter synthesis in the pre-synaptic neuron . Psychoactive drugs operate by temporarily affecting a person's neurochemistry , which in turn causes changes in a person's mood, cognition ...
Stimulant psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms (such as hallucinations, paranoid ideation, delusions, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized behaviour). It involves and typically occurs following an overdose or several day binge on psychostimulants , [ 1 ] although it can occur in the course of stimulant ...
Stimulants improve focus and alertness. Low (therapeutic) doses of dopaminergic stimulants (e.g., reuptake inhibitors and releasing agents) also promote mental and athletic performance, as cognitive enhancers and ergogenic aids respectively, by improving muscle strength and endurance while decreasing reaction time and fatigue.
Cocaine is a stimulant but is not normally prescribed therapeutically for its stimulant properties, although it sees clinical use as a local anesthetic, in particular in ophthalmology. [153] Most cocaine use is recreational and its abuse potential is high (higher than amphetamine), and so its sale and possession are strictly controlled in most ...
Methylphenidate is a stimulant with an addiction liability and dependence liability similar to amphetamine. It has moderate liability among addictive drugs ; [ 35 ] [ 36 ] accordingly, addiction and psychological dependence are possible and likely when methylphenidate is used at high doses as a recreational drug. [ 36 ]
Lisdexamfetamine, sold under the brand names Vyvanse and Elvanse among others, is a stimulant medication that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults and for moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults. [15]
Explaining the mental processes of personality and how they affect functioning Providing a framework for understanding individuals [ 2 ] "Personality" is a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by an individual that uniquely influences their environment, cognition , emotions , motivations , and behaviors in various situations.