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In epidemiology, preventable fraction for the population (PFp), is the proportion of incidents in the population that could be prevented by exposing the whole population.. It is calculated as = /, where is the incidence in the exposed group, is the incidence in the populati
In epidemiology, attributable fraction among the exposed (AF e) is the proportion of incidents in the exposed group that are attributable to the risk factor. The term attributable risk percent among the exposed is used if the fraction is expressed as a percentage. [ 1 ]
Equivalently it can be calculated as = + (), where is the exposed proportion of the population and is the relative risk not adjusted for confounders. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is used when an exposure increases the risk, as opposed to reducing it, in which case its symmetrical notion is preventable fraction for the population .
In epidemiology, preventable fraction among the unexposed (PFu), is the proportion of incidents in the unexposed group that could be prevented by exposure.It is calculated as = / =, where is the incidence in the exposed group, is the incidence in the unexposed group, and is the relative risk.
This expression has limitations concerning the susceptibility proportion, e.g. the R 0 equals 0.5 implicates S has to be 2, however this proportion exceeds the population size. [citation needed] Assume the rectangular stationary age distribution and let also the ages of infection have the same distribution for each birth year.
The formula for calculating the NEPP is = where N = population size,; P d = prevalence of the disease,; P e = proportion eligible for treatment,; r u = risk of the event of interest in the untreated group or baseline risk over appropriate time period (this can be multiplied by life expectancy to produce life-years),
Incidence should not be confused with prevalence, which is the proportion of cases in the population at a given time rather than rate of occurrence of new cases. Thus, incidence conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease, whereas prevalence indicates how widespread the disease is.
In epidemiology, the relative risk reduction (RRR) or efficacy is the relative decrease in the risk of an adverse event in the exposed group compared to an unexposed group. It is computed as ( I u − I e ) / I u {\displaystyle (I_{u}-I_{e})/I_{u}} , where I e {\displaystyle I_{e}} is the incidence in the exposed group, and I u {\displaystyle I ...