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A popular example is Paul Ekman and his colleagues' cross-cultural study of 1992, in which they concluded that the six basic emotions are anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. [2] Ekman explains that there are particular characteristics attached to each of these emotions, allowing them to be expressed in varying degrees in a ...
Examples of basic emotions The emotion wheel For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not ...
In other words, emotions contain a subjective element and a 3rd person observable element, whereas feelings are subjective and private. [4] [page needed] [5] [page needed] In general usage, the terms emotion and feelings are used as synonyms or interchangeable, but actually, they are not. The feeling is a conscious experience created after the ...
According to the study, that leaves us with the four basic emotions of: 1) Happiness 2) Sadness 3) Hybrids of fear and surprise 4) Hybrids of anger and disgust
Some theories about emotion consider emotions to be biologically basic and stable across people and cultures. [2] [9] [10] These are often called "basic emotion" perspectives because they view emotion as biologically basic. From this perspective, an individual's emotional expressions are sufficient to determine a person's internal, emotional state.
Therefore, non-conscious emotions need to be measured by measures circumventing self-report such as the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT; Quirin, Kazén, & Kuhl, 2009). Affective responses, on the other hand, are more basic and may be less problematic in terms of assessment.
The significant theories of emotion can be divided into three primary categories: physiological, [5] neurological, [6] and cognitive. [7] Physiological theories imply that activity within the body can be accountable for emotions. [8] Neurological theories suggest that activity within the brain leads to emotional responses. [6]
Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions.For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest, enjoyment, surprise, distress, fear, anger, shame, dissmell (reaction to bad smell) and disgust.