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An open textbook is a textbook licensed under an open license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public.Many open textbooks are distributed in either print, e-book, or audio formats that may be downloaded or purchased at little or no cost.
The Open Textbook Library sponsored by the University of Minnesota offers open textbooks a wide range of law, medicine, engineering, and liberal arts disciplines. [38] OpenStax, a nonprofit educational technology initiative based at Rice University, has created openly-licensed textbooks since 2012.
The latest trend in textbooks is "open textbooks". An open textbook is a free, openly licensed textbook offered online by the copyright holders. According to PIRG, a number of textbooks already exist, and are being used at schools such as MIT and Harvard. [38]
Common features of open education in practice attempt to build opportunities for learners to: [8] access education, open educational resources, open textbooks, and open scholarship; collaborate with others, across the boundaries of institutions, institutional systems, and geographic locations; create and co-create knowledge openly
The concepts of open access and open source support the idea of open textbooks, digital textbooks that are free (gratis) and easy to distribute, modify and update (libre). Schools, teachers or professors may design their own open textbooks by gathering open access scholarly articles or other open access resources into one text or one curriculum.
Open Library is an online project intended to create "one web page for every book ever published". Created by Aaron Swartz , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Brewster Kahle , [ 5 ] Alexis Rossi, [ 6 ] Anand Chitipothu, [ 6 ] and Rebecca Hargrave Malamud , [ 6 ] Open Library is a project of the Internet Archive , a nonprofit organization .
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Originally, the "C" in CK-12 stood for "connect", indicating that the material was the missing connection in K-12 education. Subsequently, it took on a more open meaning, variously standing for "content, classroom, customizable, connections, collaboration". [10] In 2010, NASA teamed up with CK-12 to produce physics-related resources. [11]