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Cadences are divided into four main types, according to their harmonic progression: authentic (typically perfect authentic or imperfect authentic), half, plagal, and deceptive. Typically, phrases end on authentic or half cadences, and the terms plagal and deceptive refer to motion that avoids or follows a phrase-ending cadence.
A perfect authentic cadence in four-part harmony In music , I–IV–V–I or IV–V–I is a chord progression and cadence that, "unequivocally defines the point of origin and the total system, the key ."
Perfect authentic cadence (IV–V–I chord progression, in which we see the chords F major, G major, and then C major, in four-part harmony) in C major. "Tonal music is built around these tonic and dominant arrival points [cadences], and they form one of the fundamental building blocks of musical structure". [1]
In classical music theory, the English cadence is a contrapuntal pattern particular to the authentic or perfect cadence. It features a flattened seventh scale degree against the dominant chord , [ 1 ] which in the key of C would be B ♭ and G–B ♮ –D.
In this example, the leading tone of C major (B) resolves to the tonic (C) in a perfect authentic cadence. In music theory , a leading tone (also called subsemitone or leading note in the UK) is a note or pitch which resolves or "leads" to a note one semitone higher or lower, being a lower and upper leading tone, respectively.
According to Andranik Tangian, [7] analytical phrasing can be quite subjective, the only point is that it should follow a certain logic. For example, Webern’s Klangfarbenmelodie-styled orchestral arrangement of Ricercar from Bach’s Musical offering demonstrates Webern’s analytical phrasing of the theme, which is quite subjective on the one hand but, on the other hand, logically consistent:
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However, the other typical form of the Perfect Authentic Cadence, with the soprano descending to the tonic from the supertonic, cannot be created from a strict alternation of 1-5-8-10 and 1-3-5-8 because the supertonic forms the fifth of the dominant chord in that paradigm, and neither of these voicings contains the fifth in the soprano.