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Occasionally, reference collections (notably, highly specific and specialized collections or art collections) can be found in private ownership. As new knowledge emerges and older materials become less relevant or outdated, the reference collection may undergo periodic reviews and updates to ensure its continued usefulness and reliability. [2]
Research libraries can be either reference libraries, which do not lend their holdings, or lending libraries, which do lend all or some of their holdings.Some extremely large or traditional research libraries are entirely reference in this sense, lending none of their material; most academic research libraries, at least in the U.S., now lend books, but not periodicals or other material.
In library science, special collections (Spec. Coll. or S.C.) are libraries or library units that house materials requiring specialized security and user services.Special collections can be found in many different organisations including research libraries, universities, colleges, schools, national libraries, public libraries, museums, art galleries, archives, historic houses, cathedrals ...
Special libraries may or may not be open to the general public. Those that are open to the public may offer services similar to research, reference, public, academic, or children's libraries, often with restrictions such as only lending books to patients at a hospital or restricting the public from parts of a military collection. Many special ...
An academic library is a library that is attached to a higher education institution, which supports the curriculum and the research of the university faculty and students. [1] According to the National Center for Education Statistics, there are an estimated 3,700 academic libraries in the United States. [1]
A certified reference material is a particular form of measurement standard. Reference materials are particularly important for analytical chemistry and clinical analysis. [2] Since most analytical instrumentation is comparative, it requires a sample of known composition (reference material) for accurate calibration.
In contrast to books that are loaned, a reference book or reference-only book in a library may only be used in the library and may not be borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the first sense), which are usually used briefly or photocopied from and, therefore, do not need to be borrowed.
A research report is a publication that reports on the findings of a research project. [1]Research reports are produced by many sectors including industry, education, government and non-government organizations and may be disseminated internally, or made public (i.e. published) however they are not usually available from booksellers or through standard commercial publishing channels.