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The resolution, "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for men and women", reads, in part: [1] Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States ...
In the early 1800s, women were largely relegated to domestic roles as mothers and homemakers, and were discouraged from participating in public life. [4] While they exercised a degree of economic independence in the colonial era, they were increasingly barred from meaningfully participating in the workforce and relegated to domestic and service roles near the turn of the 19th century. [5]
An adulterous wife could be sentenced to force labour while men who murdered their wives were merely flogged.[Citation Required] After the death of Peter the Great, laws and customs pertaining to men's marital authority over their wives increased.[Citation Required] In 1782, civil law reinforced women's responsibility to obey her husband ...
Because the rights protected by the Ninth Amendment are not specified, they are referred to as "unenumerated". The Supreme Court has found that unenumerated rights include such important rights as the right to travel, the right to vote, the right to privacy, and the right to make important decisions about one's health care or body. [151]
An investigation by a UN Working Group on discrimination against women in law and practice associated with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) found that “The US, which is a leading State in formulating international human rights standards, is allowing its women to lag behind”. [48]
[22]: 196–197 Starting in the 1820s, variations of the Declaration were issued to proclaim the rights of workers, farmers, women, and others. [22]: 197 [144] In 1848, for example, the Seneca Falls Convention of women's rights advocates declared that "all men and women are created equal". [22]: 197 [6]: 95
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The case is also notable for being an early 14th Amendment challenge to sex discrimination in the United States. In this case the United States Supreme Court held that Illinois constitutionally denied law licenses to women, because the right to practice law was not one of the privileges and immunities guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.