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  2. Organisms at high altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms_at_high_altitude

    An Alpine chough in flight at 3,901 m (12,799 ft) Organisms can live at high altitude, either on land, in water, or while flying. Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at such altitudes challenging, though many species have been successfully adapted via considerable physiological changes.

  3. Adaptation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation

    Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats. [25][26][27] 2. Adaptedness is the state of being adapted: the degree to which an organism is able to live and reproduce in a given set of habitats. [28]

  4. Insect migration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_migration

    Insect migration. Insect migration is the seasonal movement of insects, particularly those by species of dragonflies, beetles, butterflies and moths. The distance can vary with species and in most cases, these movements involve large numbers of individuals. In some cases, the individuals that migrate in one direction may not return and the next ...

  5. Acclimatization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acclimatization

    Acclimatization. Acclimatization or acclimatisation (also called acclimation or acclimatation) is the process in which an individual organism adjusts to a change in its environment (such as a change in altitude, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, or pH), allowing it to maintain fitness across a range of environmental conditions.

  6. Local adaptation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_adaptation

    Local adaptation is a mechanism in evolutionary biology whereby a population of organisms evolves to be more well-suited to its local environment than other members of the same species that live elsewhere. Local adaptation requires that different populations of the same species experience different natural selection. For example, if a species ...

  7. Polar ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_ecology

    Polar ecology is the relationship between plants and animals in a polar environment. Polar environments are in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Arctic regions are in the Northern Hemisphere, and it contains land and the islands that surrounds it. Antarctica is in the Southern Hemisphere and it also contains the land mass, surrounding islands ...

  8. Bergmann's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergmann's_rule

    Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that, within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions. The rule derives from the relationship between size in linear dimensions meaning that both ...

  9. Allen's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen's_rule

    Allen's rule is an ecogeographical rule formulated by Joel Asaph Allen in 1877, [2][3] broadly stating that animals adapted to cold climates have shorter and thicker limbs and bodily appendages than animals adapted to warm climates. More specifically, it states that the body surface-area-to-volume ratio for homeothermic animals varies with the ...