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Vipera berus, also known as the common European adder [3] and the common European viper, [4] is a species of venomous snake in the family Viperidae. The species is extremely widespread and can be found throughout much of Europe , and as far as East Asia . [ 2 ]
The toxicity of the venom varies. Stemmler (1971) states that the population in Passwang district, Switzerland have the strongest venom based on studies conducted on mice. [22] Compared to venoms from other species, it is relatively toxic. Brown (1973) gives LD 50 values of 1.0 mg/kg IV and 1.0–2.0 mg/kg SC. [23] Tu et al. (1969) report 4.7 ...
Russell's viper, Daboia russelii Dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) is a laboratory test often used for detection of lupus anticoagulant (LA). It is an assessment of the time for blood to clot in the presence of a diluted amount of venom from Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), a highly venomous snake native to the Indian subcontinent and named after the herpetologist Patrick Russell.
This test is often referred to as dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT). The coagulant in the venom directly activates factor X, which turns prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of factor V and phospholipid. The venom is diluted to give a clotting time of 23 to 27 seconds and the phospholipid is reduced to make the test extremely ...
Montivipera xanthina, known as the rock viper, coastal viper, Ottoman viper, [4] and by other common names, is a viper species found in northeastern Greece and Turkey, as well as certain islands in the Aegean Sea. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. No subspecies are currently recognized. [5]
Vipera ammodytes, commonly known as horned viper, long-nosed viper, nose-horned viper, and sand viper, [3] [4] is a species of viper found in southern Europe, mainly northern Italy, the Balkans, and parts of Asia Minor. Like all other vipers, it is venomous.
Viper venom (Russell's viper, saw-scaled vipers, bushmasters, and rattlesnakes) acts more on the vascular system, bringing about coagulation of the blood and clotting of the pulmonary arteries; its action on the nervous system is not great, no individual group of nerve-cells appears to be picked out, and the effect upon respiration is not so ...
The LD50 of this viper's venom is 0.34 mg/kg. [13] Since the second half of the 20th century there is an antivenom for this snake's venom, which is considered safe and effective. [14] [15] But occasionally people still die from this snake's bite. The mortality rate of people who were bitten is 0.5% to 2%. [16]