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The reversed blood pools in the low third of legs and feet. [17] Unlike in the arterial ultrasound study, when the sonographer studies venous insufficiency, the vein wall itself has no relevance and attention is focused on the direction of blood flow. The objective of the examination is to see how the veins drain.
In medicine, nitroglycerin is probably most commonly prescribed for angina pectoris, a painful symptom of ischemic heart disease caused by inadequate flow of blood and oxygen to the heart and as a potent antihypertensive agent. Nitroglycerin corrects the imbalance between the flow of oxygen and blood to the heart and the heart's energy demand. [35]
The vasodilatory actions of nitric oxide play a key role in renal control of extracellular fluid homeostasis and is essential for the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure. [51] NO also plays a role in erection of the penis and clitoris. [52] Nitric oxide also acts on cardiac muscle to decrease contractility and heart rate. NO contributes ...
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) refers to dilation (widening) of an artery when blood flow increases in that artery. [1] [2] The primary cause of FMD is release of nitric oxide by endothelial cells. [1] To determine FMD, brachial artery dilation following a transient period of forearm ischemia is measured using ultrasound. [3]
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
Nitrates, like nitroglycerin, dilate blood vessels, which is beneficial against myocardial ischemia in two ways: By increasing blood flow in the coronary arteries and the amount of oxygen that arrives to heart muscle; and by relaxing all blood vessels in the body, thereby reducing the workload that heart needs to produce against them and the ...
While it is not entirely clear how it works, it is believed to function by dilating blood vessels. [1] Nitroglycerin was written about as early as 1846 [5] [6] and came into medical use in 1878. [7] [8] [9] The drug nitroglycerin is a dilute form of the same chemical used as the explosive, nitroglycerin. [9] Dilution makes it non-explosive. [9]
As blood is pumped through the body, the valves within the veins prevent the blood from flowing backwards. After extensive, prolonged standing, these valves can become weak and eventually fail. When this happens, blood is no longer being prevented from flowing backward. Gravity will pull the blood back into an individual's legs, ankles and feet.