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Social capital is a concept used in sociology and economics to define networks of relationships which are productive towards advancing the goals of individuals and groups. [1] [2] It involves the effective functioning of social groups through interpersonal relationships, a shared sense of identity, a shared understanding, shared norms, shared values, trust, cooperation, and reciprocity.
The variables that the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model ultimately aims to describe are the per capita (or more accurately, per labour) consumption: = and capital intensity: = It does so by connecting capital accumulation, written ˙ = in Newton's notation, with consumption , describing a consumption-investment trade-off.
The theory is generally associated with Hirschman. He presented a complete theoretical formulation of the strategy. Underdeveloped countries display common characteristics: low levels of GNI per capita and slow GNI per capita growth, large income inequalities and widespread poverty, low levels of productivity, great dependence on agriculture, a backward industrial structure, a high proportion ...
Social network analysis (SNA) is the process of investigating social structures through the use of networks and graph theory. [1] It characterizes networked structures in terms of nodes (individual actors, people, or things within the network) and the ties , edges , or links (relationships or interactions) that connect them.
The idea behind structural holes theory is somewhat close to the strength of weak ties theory, famously developed by Mark Granovetter. According to weak ties argument, the stronger the tie between two people is, the more likely their contacts will overlap so that they will have common ties with the same third parties. [ 6 ]
The theory of capital deficiency is among the most recognized explanations for minority underperformance academically—that for whatever reason they simply lack the resources to find academic success. [16] One of the largest factors for this, aside from the social, economic, and cultural capital mentioned earlier, is human capital. This form ...
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According to Weber, the ability to possess power derives from the individual's ability to control various "social resources". "The mode of distribution gives to the propertied a monopoly on the possibility of transferring property from the sphere of use as 'wealth' to the sphere of 'capital,' that is, it gives them the entrepreneurial function and all chances to share directly or indirectly in ...