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The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108 (any 9-digit SBN can be converted to a 10-digit ISBN by prefixing it with a zero). Privately published books sometimes appear without an ISBN.
{{format ISBN|03578936X}} → 03578936X (9-digits with invalid check digit; possibly an invalid SBN check digit or an ISBN10 with a missing digit) {{format ISBN|9780816645842}} → 9780816645842 (ISBN with invalid check digit: should be 8) {{format ISBN|Unknown}} → Unknown (ISBN parameter containing text that is not an ISBN) {{format ISBN ...
In 2007, the length of an ISBN changed from 10 to 13 digits, and a new 3-digit prefix (978 or 979) was added in front of 10-digit ISBNs. [2] The following registration groups are compatible with or without a 978- prefix: 0–5; 600–639; 64–69; 7; 80–94; 950–989; 9900–9989; 99900–99999; The following must have a 979- prefix:
ISBN-10 and ISBN-13 use different check digit algorithms to compute the last digit of the ISBN. The following tools will convert any ISBN-10 to an ISBN-13 along with the correct check digit value. Nihiltres' ISBN tool; ISBN converter of the U.S. Library of Congress; ISBN converter of ISBN.org; Stylistically, please:
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Until January 1, 2007, all ISBNs were allocated as 9-digit numbers followed by a modulo 11 checksum character that was either a decimal digit or the letter "X". A Bookland EAN was generated by concatenating the Bookland UCC 978, the 9 digits of the book's ISBN other than its checksum, and the EAN checksum digit.
For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length ...
isbn (prefer ISBN of 1st edition). Format: "1-234-56789-0" (10-digit) or "978-1-234-56789-0" (13-digit). If the book has a standard book number (9 digits) add a "0" to the beginning of the number. Do not change a 10-digit to a 13-digit ISBN by prefixing a "978" by hand, because the last digit is a calculated check digit, which will be wrong.