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On 28 January 1961, in the coup of Gitarama during what was dubbed the Rwandan Revolution by the Belgian-favored Hutu extremist party Parmehutu, the Belgian colonial overseers abolished the monarchy and Rwanda became a republic [7] (retroactively approved by a Hutu led referendum held on 25 September of the same year). [8]
Human occupation of Rwanda is thought to have begun shortly after the last ice age.By the 11th century, [1] the inhabitants had organized into a number of kingdoms. In the 19th century, Mwami Rwabugiri of the Kingdom of Rwanda conducted a decades-long process of military conquest and administrative consolidation that resulted in the kingdom coming to control most of what is now Rwanda.
The Kingdom of Rwanda was a Bantu kingdom in modern-day Rwanda, which grew to be ruled by a Tutsi monarchy. [1] It was one of the oldest and the most centralized kingdoms in Central and East Africa. [2] It was later annexed under German and Belgian colonial rule while retaining some of its autonomy.
Gihanga I ("Creator", "Founder") is a Rwandan cultural hero described in oral histories as an ancient king popularly credited with establishing the ancient Kingdom of Rwanda. Gihanga descended from a line of gods Ibimanuka kings headed by Kigwa and introduced foundational elements of the African Great Lakes civilization, including fire, cattle ...
Diadem of Kigeli IV Rwabugiri. Kigeli IV Rwabugiri (1840? - September 1895) [4] was the king of the Kingdom of Rwanda in the mid-nineteenth century. He was among the last Nyiginya kings in a ruling dynasty that had traced its lineage back four centuries to Gihanga, the first 'historical' king of Rwanda whose exploits are celebrated in oral chronicles. [5]
There were many kingdoms and empires in all regions of the continent of Africa throughout history. A kingdom is a state with a king or queen as its head. [1] An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant centre and subordinate peripheries".
Rwanda is occupied by Belgian forces. 1922: 20 July: Rwanda-Urundi are joined as a League of Nations mandate, governed by Belgium. [1] 1933: All citizens in Rwanda-Urundi are issued with an identity card defining their ethnicity. 1943: Famine affects the region. 1945: Rwanda-Urundi becomes a United Nations Trust Territory. 1957: The Hutu ...
The Scramble for Africa [a] was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain.