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The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term " schema " refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases ).
The ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture. The ANSI-SPARC Architecture (American National Standards Institute, Standards Planning And Requirements Committee), is an abstract design standard for a database management system (DBMS), first proposed in 1975. [1] The ANSI-SPARC model however, never became a formal standard.
Database design is the organization of data according to a database model. The designer determines what data must be stored and how the data elements interrelate. With this information, they can begin to fit the data to the database model. [1] A database management system manages the data accordingly.
A conceptual schema or conceptual data model is a high-level description of informational needs underlying the design of a database. [1] [2] It typically includes only the core concepts and the main relationships among them. This is a high-level model with insufficient detail to build a complete, functional database. [3]
A hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data are organized into a tree-like structure. The data are stored as records which are connected to one another through links. A record is a collection of fields, with each field containing only one value. The type of a record defines which fields the record contains.
The inverted file data model can put indexes in a set of files next to existing flat database files, in order to efficiently directly access needed records in these files. Notable for using this data model is the ADABAS DBMS of Software AG, introduced in 1970. ADABAS has gained considerable customer base and exists and supported until today.
A data architecture aims to set data standards for all its data systems as a vision or a model of the eventual interactions between those data systems. Data integration , for example, should be dependent upon data architecture standards since data integration requires data interactions between two or more data systems.
The snowflake schema is a variation of the star schema, featuring normalization of dimension tables. In computing, a snowflake schema or snowflake model is a logical arrangement of tables in a multidimensional database such that the entity relationship diagram resembles a snowflake shape.