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The macroseismic epicenter is the best estimate of the location of the epicenter derived without instrumental data. This may be estimated using intensity data, information about foreshocks and aftershocks, knowledge of local fault systems or extrapolations from data regarding similar earthquakes.
When measuring the epicentral distance of an earthquake with a small epicentral distance, first measure the reading of the initial motion of P wave, and then confirm the arrival of S wave. [Notes 3] The value of the epicenter distance Δ is found on the travel timetable according to the arrival time difference between the P wave and S wave. [4]
Isoseismal map for the 1968 Illinois earthquake. In seismology, an isoseismal map is used to show countour lines of equally felt seismic intensity, generally measured on the Modified Mercalli scale. Such maps help to identify earthquake epicenters, particularly where no instrumental records exist, such as for historical earthquakes.
The earthquake will be strongest at its epicenter, the point on the surface directly above where the quake started, and the effects will be diminished as they spread further.
See where the epicenter was Earthquake rocks in complex area where 3 tectonic plates meet. The Earth’s crust is made up of many tectonic plates that move slowly over the Earth's surface ...
“Drop, Cover, Hold on. Protect yourself,” the U.S. Geological Survey warned moment before the eathquake struck.
Standard reporting of earthquakes includes its magnitude, date and time of occurrence, geographic coordinates of its epicenter, depth of the epicenter, geographical region, distances to population centers, location uncertainty, several parameters that are included in USGS earthquake reports (number of stations reporting, number of observations ...
The hypocenter/epicenter of an earthquake is calculated by using the seismic data of that earthquake from at least three different locations. The hypocenter/epicenter is found at the intersection of three circles centered on three observation stations, here shown in Japan, Australia and the United States.