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11th dimension may refer to: 11-dimensional supergravity, a field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity. 11-dimensional spacetime, which appears in M-theory, a proposed "master theory" that unifies the five superstring theories Introduction to M-theory "11th Dimension" (song), by Julian Casablancas, 2009
In string theory, spacetime is ten-dimensional (nine spatial dimensions, and one time dimension), while in M-theory it is eleven-dimensional (ten spatial dimensions, and one time dimension). In order to describe real physical phenomena using these theories, one must therefore imagine scenarios in which these extra dimensions would not be ...
While eleven-dimensional supergravity is the unique supergravity in eleven dimensions at the level of an action, a related theory can be acquired at the level of the equations of motion, known as modified 11D supergravity. [nb 9] This is done by replacing the spin connection by one that is conformally related to the original. [14]
In bosonic string theory, spacetime is 26-dimensional, while in superstring theory it is 10-dimensional, and in M-theory it is 11-dimensional. In order to describe real physical phenomena using string theory, one must therefore imagine scenarios in which these extra dimensions would not be observed in experiments. [23]
It did this by asserting that strings are an approximation of curled-up two-dimensional membranes vibrating in an 11-dimensional spacetime. According to Witten, the M could stand for "magic", "mystery", or "membrane" according to taste, and the true meaning of the title should be decided when a better understanding of the theory is discovered. [5]
Similarly the IIA branes descend from the 11-dimension branes and geometry. The IIA D0-brane is a Kaluza–Klein momentum mode along the compactified circle. The IIA fundamental string is an 11-dimensional membrane which wraps the compactified circle. The IIA D2-brane is an 11-dimensional membrane that does not wrap the compactified circle.
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Due to string dualities, the conjectured 11-dimensional M-theory is required to have 11-dimensional supergravity as a "low energy limit". However, this doesn't necessarily mean that string theory/M-theory is the only possible UV completion of supergravity; [citation needed] supergravity research is useful independent of those relations.