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George S. Boutwell was the first Commissioner of Internal Revenue under President Abraham Lincoln.. In July 1862, during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln and Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1862, creating the office of commissioner of internal revenue and enacting a temporary income tax to pay war expenses.
In the 1850s, the South gained greater influence over tariff policy and made subsequent reductions. [12] In 1861, just before the Civil War, Congress enacted the Morrill Tariff, which applied high rates and inaugurated a period of relatively continuous trade protection in the United States that lasted until the Underwood Tariff of 1913. The ...
The Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Underwood Tariff or the Underwood-Simmons Act (ch. 16, 38 Stat. 114), re-established a federal income tax in the United States and substantially lowered tariff rates.
On July 1, 1862, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) was created and authorized to enforce collection. Congress repealed the tax in 1871. Woodrow Wilson, 1913-21
The Commissioner of Internal Revenue is the head of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), [1] an agency within the United States Department of the Treasury. [2]The office of Commissioner was created by Congress as part of the Revenue Act of 1862. [3]
Eisner, the Court had ruled, however, that a stock dividend made in 1914 against surplus earned prior to January 1, 1913 was not taxable under the Act of October 3, 1913, which provided that net income included "dividends." The district court in that case had noted that: "It is manifest that the stock dividend in question cannot be reached by ...
The Sixteenth Amendment was ratified by the requisite number of states on February 3, 1913, and effectively overruled the Supreme Court's ruling in Pollock. Prior to the early 20th century, most federal revenue came from tariffs rather than taxes, although Congress had often imposed excise taxes on various goods.
Tax Day was first introduced in 1913, when the Sixteenth Amendment was ratified. The date is delayed if it conflicts with a weekend or public holiday such as Emancipation Day . Natural disasters or public health emergencies, most recently the COVID-19 pandemic , also delay Tax Day when they prevent filing taxes on time.