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  2. Loki Patera - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loki_Patera

    Voyager 1 observation of Loki Patera and nearby lava flows and volcanic pits. Loki Patera on moon Io (artist's concept; 0:18). [1] Map of temperature and crust age of Loki Patera obtained by the Large Binocular Telescope. Loki Patera / ˈ l oʊ k i ˈ p æ t ə r ə / is the largest volcanic depression on Jupiter's moon Io, 202 kilometres (126 ...

  3. Lava - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava

    The word lava comes from Italian and is probably derived from the Latin word labes, which means a fall or slide. [2] [3] An early use of the word in connection with extrusion of magma from below the surface is found in a short account of the 1737 eruption of Vesuvius, written by Francesco Serao, who described "a flow of fiery lava" as an analogy to the flow of water and mud down the flanks of ...

  4. Dimmuborgir - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimmuborgir

    As the lava flowed across the wet sod, the water of the marsh started to boil, the vapour rising through the lava forming lava pillars from drainpipe size up to several meters in diameter. [4] As the lava continued flowing towards lower ground in the Mývatn area, the top crust collapsed, but the hollow pillars of solidified lava remained. The ...

  5. Pele's tears - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pele's_tears

    Pele's tears (closest Hawaiian translation: "nā waimaka o Pele") are small pieces of solidified lava drops formed when airborne particles of molten material fuse into tearlike drops of volcanic glass. Pele's tears are jet black in color and are often found on one end of a strand of Pele's hair.

  6. Lava spine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_spine

    A lava spine (or lava spire) is a vertical growth of solid lava that is forced from a volcanic vent. A lava spine can either be formed by viscous lava slowly being pushed out of the vent, or by magma that has solidified within the vent before being pushed out.

  7. Grotta del Gelo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotta_del_Gelo

    Part of this lava flow system is the "Sciara del Follone" that contains the cave. [3] This long-lasting eruption emplaced about 1.05 cubic kilometres (0.25 cu mi) of lava on a surface of about 21 square kilometres (8.1 sq mi). [4] The surface of the lava flows, exposed to the air, cooled and solidified to form a crust on the remaining flow.

  8. Monolith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolith

    Some monoliths are volcanic plugs, solidified lava filling the vent of an extinct volcano. In architecture, the term has considerable overlap with megalith, ...

  9. Oliarus polyphemus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliarus_polyphemus

    It is thought to live primarily in a vast network of underground cooling cracks formed when pahoehoe lava from the island's various volcanoes solidified. [4] This crevice habitat is thought to be the primary habitat of O. polyphemus and other Hawai'i cave endemic arthropods, but individuals often enter large lava tube caves.