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  2. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

    With inverse proportion, an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other. For instance, in travel, a constant speed dictates a direct proportion between distance and time travelled; in contrast, for a given distance (the constant), the time of travel is inversely proportional to speed: s × t = d.

  3. Regula falsi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regula_falsi

    Simple false position is aimed at solving problems involving direct proportion. Such problems can be written algebraically in the form: determine x such that =, if a and b are known. The method begins by using a test input value x′, and finding the corresponding output value b′ by multiplication: ax′ = b′.

  4. Proportional reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_reasoning

    In Piaget's model of intellectual development, the fourth and final stage is the formal operational stage.In the classic book "The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence" by Jean Piaget and Bärbel Inhelder formal operational reasoning takes many forms, including propositional reasoning, deductive logic, separation and control of variables, combinatorial reasoning, and ...

  5. Word problem (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_problem_(mathematics)

    The most direct solution to a word problem takes the form of a normal form theorem and algorithm which maps every element in an equivalence class of expressions to a single encoding known as the normal form - the word problem is then solved by comparing these normal forms via syntactic equality. [1]

  6. Proportion (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportion_(mathematics)

    A proportion is a mathematical statement expressing equality of two ratios. [1] [2]: =: a and d are called extremes, b and c are called means. Proportion can be written as =, where ratios are expressed as fractions.

  7. Charles's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles's_law

    The law was named after scientist Jacques Charles, who formulated the original law in his unpublished work from the 1780s.. In two of a series of four essays presented between 2 and 30 October 1801, [2] John Dalton demonstrated by experiment that all the gases and vapours that he studied expanded by the same amount between two fixed points of temperature.

  8. Word problem (mathematics education) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_problem_(mathematics...

    Word problem from the Līlāvatī (12th century), with its English translation and solution. In science education, a word problem is a mathematical exercise (such as in a textbook, worksheet, or exam) where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation.

  9. Monty Hall problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem

    The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, based nominally on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal and named after its original host, Monty Hall. The problem was originally posed (and solved) in a letter by Steve Selvin to the American Statistician in 1975.