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The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, [1] was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany, formally beginning the Protestant Reformation: 1521 Pope Leo X rewards Henry VIII for his written attack on Luther by granting him the title "Defender of the Faith" Henry remains allied with Rome 1524, May William Tyndale expelled from the Catholic Church 1525
The movements based on these early reform movements, such are also considered Protestant today, although their origins date back to more than 100 years before Luther. In particular, the Waldensians who survived the Counter-Reformation affiliated with the Reformed Church (which is more commonly known to be Protestant), and still do today.
The Protestant Reformation was initiated by Martin Luther, a German friar. By the early 1520s, Luther's views were known and disputed in England. [22] The main plank of Luther's theology was justification by faith alone rather than by faith with good works. In other words, justification is a gift from God received through faith. [23]
The city council took control of the churches in 1524, a fact which attracted many Protestant reformers to carry out their work there. This is the list of states by the date of adoption of the Reformation, meaning the date of an official conversion of a ruler or that of making a Protestant confession an official state religion.
Slovenia celebrates it because of the profound contribution of the Reformation to its culture. Austria allows Protestant children not to go to school that day, and Protestant workers have a right to leave work in order to participate in a church service. Switzerland celebrates the holiday on the first Sunday after 31 October.
Reformation Day is a Protestant Christian religious holiday celebrated on 31 October in remembrance of the onset of the Reformation. According to Philip Melanchthon , 31 October 1517 was the day Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-five Theses on the door of the All Saints' Church in Wittenberg , Electorate of Saxony , in the Holy Roman Empire .
Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century. In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg , who promptly joined the new movement.