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The Junkers Ju 87, popularly known as the "Stuka", [b] is a German dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft.Designed by Hermann Pohlmann, it first flew in 1935.The Ju 87 made its combat debut in 1937 with the Luftwaffe's Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 and served the Axis in World War II from beginning to end (1939–1945).
26 Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive-bombers of III./StG51 24 Ju 87s of I./StG2 4 E-boats (S-boote) of the 1st Flotilla (1. SFlotille) 1 corvette, 1 destroyer 14 ocean-going merchant ships plus coasters: Casualties and losses; 1 Ju 87 shot down, 2 crew killed 1 Ju 87 crashed, 2 crew rescued 1 Bf 109 damaged on landing: Convoy: 5 ships sunk 11 damaged 5 ...
On the afternoon of 14 September, while returning to Alexandria, HMS Coventry was badly damaged by German Junkers Ju 87 "Stuka" dive-bombers from Crete and 63 crew were killed. Coventry was scuttled by Zulu which was hit by German Ju 87 and Junkers Ju 88 dive-bombers a little later. [11]
The Luftwaffe possessed several dive-bomber wings equipped with the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka in mid-1940; the Ju 87 having proved its effectiveness. StG 1, StG 2 and StG 77 were most experienced. A fourth wing, aside from smaller units such as StG 5, 76 and 151, was formed to increase dive bomber capability and organisation.
The Ju 87 groups were mauled in the large air battles of the 18 August and saw no further action in the battle for air superiority. StG 77 lost 17 of its crews on that day. [57] In the two weeks preceding, the Stuka units had flown 14 major operations and lost 39 aircraft from 281. [58]
Dozens of Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters Heinkel He 111 medium bombers and, after December 1937, at least three Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers first saw active service in the Condor Legion against Soviet aircraft. The Stuka's first mission in Spain was in February 1938, and each aircraft played a major role early in World War II.
The lower cloud layer, which was believed to be at 900 metres (3,000 ft), was only at 100 metres (330 ft). While Sigel managed to just barely pull out in time, 13 other Ju 87 crews crashed to their death. The event became known as the "Neuhammer Stuka Disaster" (Neuhammer Stuka-Unglück). [1]
The first wave closed on Belgrade between 06:30 and 06:45, and consisted of 74 Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers, and 160 Heinkel He 111 medium bombers and Dornier Do 17 light bombers at 8,000–10,000 ft (2,400–3,000 m).