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The word "paper" is etymologically derived from papyrus, Ancient Greek for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean societies for writing long before paper was used in China. [1]
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt, all paper in a paper mill was made by hand, one sheet at a time, by specialized laborers.
They invented a machine which extracted the fibres from wood (exactly as with rags) and made paper from it. Charles Fenerty also bleached the pulp so that the paper was white. This started a new era for paper making. By the end of the 19th-century almost all printers in the western world were using wood instead of rags to make paper. [119]
The word "page" comes from the Latin term pagina, which means, "a written page, leaf, sheet", [2] which in turn comes from an earlier meaning "to create a row of vines that form a rectangle". [3] The Latin word pagina derives from the verb pangere , which means to stake out boundaries when planting vineyards.
Paper may be classified into seven categories: [23] Printing papers of wide variety. Wrapping papers for the protection of goods and merchandise. This includes wax and kraft papers. Writing paper suitable for stationery requirements. This includes ledger, bank, and bond paper. Blotting papers containing little or no size.
Demand for paper was also stimulated by the Song government, which needed a large supply of paper to print paper money and exchange certificates. [5] An example of an enterprising paper mill during the late phase of the preindustrial era is the mill by William Rittenhouse and sons at what is now preserved as Historic Rittenhouse Town in ...
A paper machine (or paper-making machine) is an industrial machine which is used in the pulp and paper industry to create paper in large quantities at high speed. Modern paper-making machines are based on the principles of the Fourdrinier Machine, which uses a moving woven mesh to create a continuous paper web by filtering out the fibres held ...
A 1740 map of Paris. Ortelius World Map, 1570. Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time. [1] In its modern form, it is a synthesizing discipline which shares both topical and methodological similarities with history, anthropology, ecology, geology, environmental studies, literary studies, and other fields.