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The radiosensitizing and chemosensitizing properties of chloroquine are being evaluated for anticancer strategies in humans. [88] [89] Chloroquine and its modified forms have also been evaluated as treatment options for inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. [90]
Quinine, like chloroquine, inactivates enzymes in the lysosomes of cells and has an anti-inflammatory effect, hence its use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, inactivation of these enzymes can also cause abnormal accumulation of glycogen and phospholipids in lysosomes, causing toxic myopathy. It is possible this action is the ...
This includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. [5] [6] While sometimes used for nocturnal leg cramps, quinine is not recommended for this purpose due to the risk of serious side effects. [5] It can be taken by mouth or intravenously. [5]
The disease is named because it is a porphyria that often presents with skin manifestations later in life. The disorder results from low levels of the enzyme responsible for the fifth step in heme production. Heme is a vital molecule for all of the body's organs. It is a component of hemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen in the blood.
Quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) is mediated by the immune system, and may lead to thrombocytic purpura. Quinidine intoxication can lead to a collection of symptoms collectively known as cinchonism, with tinnitus (ringing in the ears) being among the most characteristic and common symptoms of this toxicity syndrome.
Among the quinoline alkaloids are the cinchona alkaloids quinine and quinidine, which are important due to their therapeutic potential, furthermore cinchonine and cinchonidine, as well as some furoquinoline alkaloids and acridine alkaloids.
Oral formulations (under trade name such as Endiaron [2]) are used in infectious diarrhea, disorders of the intestinal microflora (e.g. after antibiotic treatment), giardiasis, inflammatory bowel disease. It is also useful for dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis., [3] as used in shampoos (Capitrol) and dermal creams like (Valpeda, Triaderm).
Examples include amodiaquine, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. [3] Other uses for the derivatives are: anti-asthmatic, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents. [1] A patent application for 4-aminoquinoline compounds was filed in 2002 and published in 2005. [4]