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During the 12th century the Patriarchal School was the leading center of education which included men of letters such as Theodore Prodromos and Eustathius of Thessalonica. The Crusaders 's capture of Constantinople in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade ended all support for higher education, although the government in exile in Nicaea gave some ...
The new wealth being generated during this period had a positive impact on Byzantine cultural life. In artistic terms, the 12th century was a very productive period in Byzantine history. There was a revival in the mosaic art, for example, with artists showing great interest in depicting natural landscapes with wild animals and scenes from the ...
It disappeared in the latter 12th century. [23] Vestarches (βεστάρχης) – Adopted in the latter half of the 10th century for high-ranking eunuchs, it was awarded to "bearded" senior military officers and judicial officials of Constantinople from ca. 1050 on. It disappeared in the early 12th century. [26]
Madrid Skylitzes The army of Basil II defeating George I of Georgia Author John Skylitzes Original title Σύνοψις Ἱστοριῶν Language Medieval Greek Genre Historiography Publication date 12th century The Madrid Skylitzes is a 12th century illuminated manuscript version of the Synopsis of Histories [a] by John Skylitzes, which covers the reigns of the Byzantine emperors from the ...
The opening session of the IV International Congress of Byzantine Studies in the Aula of the University of Sofia, 9 November 1934. Byzantine studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, demography, dress, religion/theology, art, literature/epigraphy, music, science, economy, coinage and politics of the Eastern Roman Empire.
12th century miniature from the Skylitzes Chronicle depicting Emperor Theophilos and his court. Not all Byzantine illuminated manuscripts were religious texts, secular subjects are represented in chronicles (e.g. Madrid Skylitzes), medical texts such as the Vienna Dioscurides, and some manuscripts of the Greek version of the Alexander Romance.
But from the 11th century onwards, the theme system was allowed to decay. This played a major role in the loss of Anatolia to the Turks at the end of that century. In the 12th century, the Komnenian dynasty re-established an effective military force. Manuel I Komnenos, for example, was able to muster an army of over 40,000 men. However, the ...
Byzantine philosophy refers to the distinctive philosophical ideas of the philosophers and scholars of the Byzantine Empire, especially between the 8th and 15th centuries. It was characterised by a Christian world-view, closely linked to Eastern Orthodox theology , but drawing ideas directly from the Greek texts of Plato , Aristotle , and the ...