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An optimist and a pessimist, Vladimir Makovsky, 1893. Researchers operationalize the term "optimism" differently depending on their research. As with any trait characteristic, there are several ways to evaluate optimism, such as the Life Orientation Test (LOT), an eight-item scale developed in 1985 by Michael Scheier and Charles Carver.
Permanence: Optimistic people believe bad events to be temporary happenings rather than permanent failures, and thus bounce back quickly from them, whereas others may take longer periods to recover or may never recover. They also believe good things happen for long-lasting, reasoned causes, rather than assuming positive events to only occur ...
Conversely, people who generally tend to blame outside forces for negative events, believe that such events will end soon, and do not let such events affect too many aspects of their lives display what is called an optimistic explanatory style.
Psychologists say that condescending behavior can take several forms. For example, a person may explain something you already know (sometimes referred to culturally as "mansplaining," Dr. Cooper ...
Sarvenaz Myslicki runs a whole blog doling out career advice. In addition to offering interview tips, she also highlights the importance of a good attitude. On her TikTok account, Mysclicki shared ...
Optimism bias is typically measured through two determinants of risk: absolute risk, where individuals are asked to estimate their likelihood of experiencing a negative event compared to their actual chance of experiencing a negative event (comparison against self), and comparative risk, where individuals are asked to estimate the likelihood of experiencing a negative event (their personal ...
For example, eastern cultures tend to emphasize the background of an object, while western cultures focus on the central objects in a scene. [27] Perceptual sets are also the result of cultural aesthetic preferences. Therefore, cultural context can influence how people sample information from a face, just like they would do in a situational ...
The terms quality of life, good life, welfare, prudential value, personal good, and individual utility are often used as synonyms of well-being. [10] Similarly, the words pleasure , life satisfaction, and happiness are employed in overlapping ways with well-being , although their precise meanings differ in technical contexts like philosophy and ...