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In Lisp, lists are the fundamental data type and can represent both program code and data. In most dialects, the list of the first three prime numbers could be written as (list 2 3 5) . In several dialects of Lisp, including Scheme , a list is a collection of pairs, consisting of a value and a pointer to the next pair (or null value), making a ...
In the Java programming language, the wildcard? is a special kind of type argument [1] that controls the type safety of the use of generic (parameterized) types. [2] It can be used in variable declarations and instantiations as well as in method definitions, but not in the definition of a generic type.
Compared to non-generic code with manual casts, these casts will be the same, [74] but compared to compile-time verified code that would not need runtime casts and checks, these operations represent a performance overhead. C#/.NET generics guarantee type-safety and are verified at compile time, making extra checks/casts are unnecessary at runtime.
Semantic HTML is a way of writing HTML that emphasizes the meaning of the encoded information over its presentation (look). HTML has included semantic markup from its inception, [85] but has also included presentational markup, such as < font >, < i > and < center > tags. There are also the semantically neutral div and span tags.
The fundamental idea behind array programming is that operations apply at once to an entire set of values. This makes it a high-level programming model as it allows the programmer to think and operate on whole aggregates of data, without having to resort to explicit loops of individual scalar operations.
Generic programming pioneer Alexander Stepanov wrote, Generic programming is about abstracting and classifying algorithms and data structures. It gets its inspiration from Knuth and not from type theory. Its goal is the incremental construction of systematic catalogs of useful, efficient and abstract algorithms and data structures.
Elements can be removed from the end of a dynamic array in constant time, as no resizing is required. The number of elements used by the dynamic array contents is its logical size or size, while the size of the underlying array is called the dynamic array's capacity or physical size, which is the maximum possible size without relocating data. [2]
Inheritance, by contrast, typically targets the type rather than the instances, and is restricted to compile time. On the other hand, inheritance can be statically type-checked, while delegation generally cannot without generics (although a restricted version of delegation can be statically typesafe [7]). Delegation can be termed "run-time ...