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The Onondaga in New York have a traditional matriachal form of government, wherein chiefs are nominated by clan mothers, rather than elected. One's clan is determined by their matrilineal lineage, meaning that clan membership is inherited from the mother. Membership in the Onondaga is also exclusively inherited matrilineally.
Native Americans have lived in the New York area for at least more than 13,000 years. They initially settled in the space around Lake Champlain, the Hudson River Valley and Oneida Lake. [1] There are currently eight federally recognized Native Americans tribes in New York. [2]
New York is the source of several landmark decisions concerning aboriginal title including Oneida I (1974), "first of the modern-day [Native American land] claim cases to be filed in federal court," [3] and Oneida II (1985), "the first native land claim case won on the basis of the Nonintercourse Act."
Although most members of the Iroquois tribes went to Canada with the Loyalists, others tried to stay in New York and western territories to maintain their lands. The state of New York made a separate treaty with Iroquois nations and put up for sale 5,000,000 acres (20,000 km 2) of land that had previously been their territories. The state ...
The New York state government attempted to shut the operation down, but after negotiation, the state offered the Mohawk some land in Miner Lake, where they have since settled. The Mohawks have organized for more sovereignty at their reserves in Canada, pressing for authority over their people and lands.
During this time, the Iroquois living in New York state become demoralized as more of their land was sold to land speculators while alcoholism, violence, and broken families became major problems on their reservations. [135] The Oneida and the Cayuga sold almost all of their land and moved out of their traditional homelands. [135]
Aboriginal place names of New York. New York State Education Department, New York State Museum. Bright, William (2004). Native American Place Names of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fremont culture, 1 AD–1300 AD, Utah and parts of Nevada, Idaho and Colorado; Hohokam, 1 AD–1450 AD, Arizona; Eastern Woodlands Woodland period, 1000 BC–1000 AD Adena, 1000–200 BC, Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, Kentucky, and parts of Pennsylvania and New York. Hopewell culture, 200 BC–500 AD, Southeastern Canada and eastern United States