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  2. Depolarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarization

    By hyperpolarizing a neuron, an inhibitory stimulus results in a greater negative charge that must be overcome for depolarization to occur. Excitation stimuli, on the other hand, increase the voltage in the neuron, which leads to a neuron that is easier to depolarize than the same neuron in the resting state.

  3. Hyperpolarization (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpolarization_(biology)

    A nerve impulse causes Na + to enter the cell, resulting in (b) depolarization. At the peak action potential, K + channels open and the cell becomes (c) hyperpolarized. Voltage gated ion channels respond to changes in the membrane potential. Voltage gated potassium, chloride and sodium channels are key components in the generation of the action ...

  4. Renal corpuscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_corpuscle

    Diagram of the circulation related to a single glomerulus, associated tubule, and collecting system The renal corpuscle in the cortex (outer layer) of the kidney. At the top, the renal corpuscle containing the glomerulus. The filtered blood exits into the renal tubule as filtrate, at right. At left, blood flows from the afferent arteriole (red ...

  5. Renal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology

    Volume of blood plasma delivered to the kidney per unit time. PAH clearance is a renal analysis method used to provide an estimate. Approximately 625 ml/min. renal blood flow = (HCT is hematocrit) Volume of blood delivered to the kidney per unit time. In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 20% of cardiac output, amounting to 1 L/min in ...

  6. Renal sympathetic denervation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_Sympathetic_Denervation

    This causes reduction of sympathetic afferent and efferent activity to the kidney and blood pressure can be decreased. [2] Early data from international clinical trials without sham controls was promising - demonstrating large blood pressure reductions in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension.

  7. Low-threshold spikes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-threshold_spikes

    Transient outward K+ currents following action potentials can cause hyperpolarization, allowing for low-threshold spikes. An initial ohmic leakage current composed of K+ and Na+ ions characterizes the first phase. This is followed by a hyperpolarization-activated "sag" current that contributes to slowly depolarizing the membrane potential.

  8. Depolarizing prepulse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarizing_prepulse

    A depolarizing prepulse (DPP) is an electrical stimulus that causes the potential difference measured across a neuronal membrane to become more positive or less negative, and precedes another electrical stimulus. [1]

  9. Glomerular hyperfiltration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerular_hyperfiltration

    The primary cause of the lack of clarity surrounding the GFR levels that indicate hyperfiltration is their strong reliance on age. [12] Glomerular hyperfiltration has traditionally been characterized as an elevated whole-kidney GFR, or a GFR greater than two standard deviations above the mean GFR of healthy individuals.

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