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  2. Primer dimer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_dimer

    The result is a stem-loop primer that excludes annealing involving shorter overlaps, but permits annealing of the primer to its fully complementary sequence in the target. Chimeric primers: some DNA bases in the primer are replaced with RNA bases, creating a chimeric sequence. The melting temperature of a chimeric sequence with another chimeric ...

  3. Polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

    The annealing temperature at the initial cycles is usually a few degrees (3–5 °C) above the T m of the primers used, while at the later cycles, it is a few degrees (3–5 °C) below the primer T m. The higher temperatures give greater specificity for primer binding, and the lower temperatures permit more efficient amplification from the ...

  4. Polymerase chain reaction optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction...

    The annealing temperature during a polymerase chain reaction determines the specificity of primer annealing. The melting point of the primer sets the upper limit on annealing temperature. At temperatures just below this point, only very specific base pairing between the primer and the template will occur. At lower temperatures, the primers bind ...

  5. Primer (molecular biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_(molecular_biology)

    Pairs of primers should have similar melting temperatures since annealing during PCR occurs for both strands simultaneously, and this shared melting temperature must not be either too much higher or lower than the reaction's annealing temperature. A primer with a T m (melting temperature) too much higher than the reaction's annealing ...

  6. Netprimer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netprimer

    NetPrimer is a gratis web-based tool used for analysing primers used in PCR to amplify a DNA sequence. [2] The software predicts the melting temperature of the primers using the nearest neighbor thermodynamic algorithm. The accurate prediction of the melting temperature (Tm) is one of the most important factors that governs the success of a PCR ...

  7. Real-time polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_polymerase_chain...

    These cycles normally consist of three stages: the first, at around 95 °C, allows the separation of the nucleic acid's double chain; the second, at a temperature of around 50–60 °C, allows the binding of the primers with the DNA template; [7] the third, at between 68 and 72 °C, facilitates the polymerization carried out by the DNA polymerase.

  8. Touchdown polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchdown_polymerase_chain...

    The annealing temperature during a polymerase chain reaction determines the specificity of primer annealing. The melting point of the primer sets the upper limit on annealing temperature. At temperatures just above this point, only very specific base pairing between the primer and the template will occur. At lower temperatures, the primers bind ...

  9. Variants of PCR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_PCR

    The annealing temperature in the early cycles is usually 3–5 °C above the standard T m of the primers used, while in the later cycles it is a similar amount below the T m. The initial higher annealing temperature leads to greater specificity for primer binding, while the lower temperatures permit more efficient amplification at the end of ...