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In linguistics, romanization is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word, and combinations of
Romanization or Latinization (Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire.
It also comprised a Type 1 (Greek: Τฯπος 1, romanized: Typos 1) transliteration table, which was extensively modified in the second edition of the standard. International versions of ELOT 743, with an English language standard document, were approved by the UN (V/19, 1987) and the British and American governments.
The historiography of Romanisation is the study of the methods, sources, techniques, and concepts used by historians when examining the process of Romanisation.The Romanisation process affected different regions differently, [1] meaning that there is no singular definition for the concept, however it is generally defined as the spread of Roman civilisation and culture throughout Italy and the ...
The system is distinct from other romanization methods in its use of English orthography to phonetically transcribe sounds: for example, the syllable (ใ) is written as shi and (ใกใ) is written as cha, reflecting their spellings in English (compare to si and tya in the more systematic Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki systems).
The ALA-LC Romanization includes over 70 romanization tables. [6] Here are some examples of tables: A Cherokee Romanization table was created by the LC and ALA in 2012 and subsequently approved by the Cherokee Tri-Council meeting in Cherokee, North Carolina. It was the first ALA-LC Romanization table for a Native American syllabary. [7]
One aspect of Roman influence seen in British life was the grant of Roman citizenship. [14] At first this was granted very selectively: to the council members of certain classes of towns, whom Roman practice made citizens; to veterans, either legionaries or soldiers in auxiliary units; and to a number of natives whose patrons obtained citizenship for them.
It developed from the system produced by Thomas Francis Wade during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with Herbert Giles's A Chinese–English Dictionary (1892). The romanization systems in common use until the late 19th century were based on the Nanjing dialect, but Wade–Giles was based on the Beijing dialect and was the ...