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Federal lands are lands in the United States owned and managed by the federal government. [1] Pursuant to the Property Clause of the United States Constitution (Article 4, section 3, clause 2), Congress has the power to retain, buy, sell, and regulate federal lands, such as by limiting cattle grazing on them.
The General Land Office's main role is to manage Texas's publicly owned lands, by negotiating and enforcing leases for the use of the land, and sometimes by making sales of public lands. Royalties and proceeds from land sales are added to the state's Permanent School Fund , which helps to fund public education within the state. [ 2 ]
The lure of the land: A social history of the public lands from the Articles of Confederation to the New Deal (U of Nebraska Press, 1970) online; Gates, Paul Wallace. History of public land law development (US Government Printing Office, 1968). online; Hibbard, Benjamin Horace. A history of the public land policies (1924) online; Kammer, Sean.
In much of the west, public land is leased to ranchers as rangeland. [3] Throughout the mid-1900s, federal land managers reduced the number of livestock allowed to graze these lands in order to prevent ecological degradation through overgrazing. These reductions led to building tension between federal land managers and ranchers, who were ...
The Preemption Act of 1841 permitted "squatters" who were living on federal government-owned land to purchase up to 160 acres (65 ha) for $1.25 per acre ($3.09 per hectare) before the land would be offered for sale to the general public. To qualify under the law, the "squatter" had to be the following:
The first of 362 district land offices was opened at Steubenville, Ohio, on July 2, 1800; the last at Newcastle, Wyoming, on March 1, 1920. The peak year for land offices was 1890, with 123 in operation. The subsequent closing of the public domain gradually reduced the number of land offices, until, in 1933, only 25 offices remained. [3]
The Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 ended homesteading; [45] [46] by that time, federal government policy had shifted to retaining control of western public lands. The only exception to this new policy was in Alaska , for which the law allowed homesteading until 1986.
Although classified as a private land state by the federal government, some sources however refer to Texas as a "public land state", on the grounds that a significant proportion of state lands are owned by the state government; these lands were originally Mexican public lands, ownership of which was claimed by the Republic of Texas upon its ...