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Calcium alginate is a water-insoluble, gelatinous, cream-coloured substance that can be created through the addition of aqueous calcium chloride to aqueous sodium alginate. Calcium alginate is also used for entrapment of enzymes and forming artificial seeds in plant tissue culture.
Alginate is used as an ingredient in various pharmaceutical preparations, such as Gaviscon, in which it combines with bicarbonate to inhibit gastroesophageal reflux. [citation needed] Sodium alginate is used as an impression-making material in dentistry, prosthetics, lifecasting, and for creating positives for small-scale casting. [citation needed]
Similarly to how water dropped into a quantity of oil forms a bubble of water in the oil, each drop of the alginated liquid tends to form into a small sphere in the calcium solution. During a reaction time of a few seconds to a few minutes, the calcium solution causes the outer layer of each alginated liquid sphere to form a thin, flexible skin.
Castor oil and its derivatives are found in many cosmetics as it is "non-comedogenic" (does not exacerbate or contribute to acne). [3]Cerebrosides (cells from the nervous systems of cattle or swine) were once used in some high-end skin-care products to increase moisture retention and to create a smooth skin surface, [4] however the BSE controversy has put an end to this practice.
A container with cream. Topical cream formulation is an emulsion semisolid dosage form that is used for skin external application. Most of the topical cream formulations contain more than 20 per cent of water and volatiles and/or less than 50 per cent of hydrocarbons, waxes, or polyethylene glycols as the vehicle for external skin application. [1]
Skin cream may refer to: Cream (pharmacy), a preparation usually for application to the skin; Moisturizer, a cosmetic preparation used for protecting, moisturizing ...
Three classes of barrier creams are used: water repellent creams, water-soluble creams, and creams designed for special applications. [4] Barrier creams may contain substances such as zinc oxide, talc or kaolin to layer over the skin. [5] For hand care they are designed to protect against the harm from detergents and other irritants. [6]
Ointments are more occlusive than aqueous creams, which are more occlusive than lotion. [5] Water loss through the skin is normally about 4–8 g/(m 2 ⋅h). A layer of petrolatum applied to normal skin can reduce that loss by 50–75% for several hours. [4] Oils naturally produced by the human body moisturize through this same mechanism. [2]