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The first three of these disorders are commonly called the autism spectrum disorders; the last two disorders are much rarer, and are sometimes placed in the autism spectrum and sometimes not. [2] [3] In May 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–5th Edition (DSM-5) was released, updating the classification for pervasive developmental ...
Proposed alternatives to the current disorder-focused spectrum model deconstruct autism into at least two separate phenomena: (1) a non-pathological spectrum of behavioral traits in the population, [58] [59] and (2) the neuropathological burden of rare genetic mutations and environmental risk factors potentially leading to neurodevelopmental ...
These range from social deprivation, genetic and metabolic diseases, immune disorders, infectious diseases, nutritional factors, physical trauma, and toxic and prenatal environmental factors. Some neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and other pervasive developmental disorders, are considered multifactorial syndromes which have many ...
Possible Risk Factors for Personality Development Disorder Personality development and personality disorders causes are unknown till present day but certain factors (such as family history, abusive history, family chaotic relationships during childhood or present, differences in brain chemistry and construction) can trigger the development of ...
PDD-NOS was one of four disorders collapsed into the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in the DSM-5, [3] and also was one of the five disorders classified as a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in the DSM-IV. [4] The ICD-10 equivalents also became part of its definition of autism spectrum disorder, as of the ICD-11.
Developmental disability that affects all areas of a child's development is sometimes referred to as global developmental delay. [2] The most common developmental disabilities are: Motor disorders, and learning difficulties such as dyslexia, Tourette's syndrome, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and nonverbal learning disorder.
Risk factors for self-harm and suicidality include circumstances that could affect anyone, such as mental health problems (e.g., anxiety disorder) and social problems (e.g., unemployment and social isolation), plus factors that affect only autistic people, such as actively trying to behave like a neurotypical person, which is called masking. [91]
He found a prevalence of 16 per 10,000 for the global pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). [64] [65] The INSERM found a prevalence of 27 per 10,000 for the ASD and a prevalence of 9 per 10,000 for the early infantile autism in 2003. [66] Those figures are considered as underrated as the WHO gives figures between 30 and 60 per 10,000. [67]