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Childhood cataract is cataract that occurs at birth or in childhood. [1] It may be congenital or acquired. Congenital cataracts are defined as the presence of lens opacification during childhood. [2] About 1.14 million children in the world are blind. [3] Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in children. [4]
Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition. For children under the age of two years old whose vision is affected by the cataracts in both eyes, surgical options include intraocular lens implantation or a lensectomy. [2] Congenital cataracts are considered to be a significant cause of childhood blindness.
A cataract is an opacity that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye. [9] The word cataract literally means, "curtain of water" or "waterfall" as rapidly running water turns white, so the term may have been used metaphorically to describe the similar appearance between mature ocular opacities and water fall.
The analyser will provide a lens strength and type (either spherical and/or cylindrical), if required for the test. In these instances, wire-rimmed trial lenses are generally used, with the cylindrical lens placed closest to the patient so the axis is easily read. The clinician can alter the fixation targets as per necessary (see Fixation ...
Cataracts: An often age-related condition that leads to gradual vision loss secondary to clouding of the lens. Examination may reveal opacification of the lens and often an absent or blunted red reflex. Dilated fundus exam allows for examination of more peripheral cataracts, as well as evaluating candidacy for cataract surgery. [9] [12]
Unlike the red reflex, this can help determine if the patient has normal ocular alignment. In order to perform this test the patient and physician are normally approximately 2 to 3 feet away from each other. [7] It is also used to detect opacities in the visual axis, such as a cataract or corneal abnormality.
An immature cataract has some transparent protein, but with a mature cataract, all the lens protein is opaque. In a hypermature or Morgagnian cataract, the lens proteins have become liquid. Congenital cataract, which may be detected in adulthood, has a different classification and includes lamellar, polar, and sutural cataracts. [50] [51]
The BSGT is used for patients with strabismus to test for suppression, normal retinal correspondence or abnormal retinal correspondence, [2] particularly in cases of manifest strabismus. [3] The Bagolini Striated Glasses Test is the test most likely to allow the demonstration of fusion in patients who fuse intermittently.