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The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
Crop plant: 714–758 Mbp: 27,421: 2013 [38] Chenopodium quinoa: Chenopodiaceae: Crop plant 1.39–1.50 Gb 44,776 2017 [39] 3,486 scaffolds, scaffold N50 of 3.84 Mb, 90% of the assembled genome is contained in 439 scaffolds [39] Amaranthus hypocondriacus: Amaranthaceae: Crop plant 403.9 Mb 23,847 2016 [40] 16 large scaffolds from 16.9 to 38.1 Mb.
This is a list of genetic hybrids which is limited to well documented cases of animals of differing species able to create hybrid offspring which may or may not be infertile. Hybrids should not be confused with genetic chimeras , such as that between sheep and goat known as the geep .
Artificial chromosomes are manufactured chromosomes in the context of yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), or human artificial chromosomes (HACs). An artificial chromosome can carry a much larger DNA fragment than other vectors. [9] YACs and BACs can carry a DNA fragment up to 300,000 nucleotides long.
Physcomitrella patens, moss increasingly used for studies on development and molecular evolution of plants. [20] It is so far the only non-vascular plant(and so the only "primitive" plant) with its genome completely sequenced. [20] Moreover, it is currently the only land plant with efficient gene targeting that enables gene knockout. [21]
An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
Examples in animals are more common in non-vertebrates [51] such as flatworms, leeches, and brine shrimp. Within vertebrates, examples of stable polyploidy include the salmonids and many cyprinids (i.e. carp). [52] Some fish have as many as 400 chromosomes. [52]
A mule is a sterile hybrid of a male donkey and a female horse.Mules are smaller than horses but stronger than donkeys, making them useful as pack animals.. In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction.