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A spherical wedge with radius r and angle of the wedge α. In geometry, a spherical wedge or ungula is a portion of a ball bounded by two plane semidisks and a spherical lune (termed the wedge's base). The angle between the radii lying within the bounding semidisks is the dihedral α.
In spherical geometry, angles are defined between great circles, resulting in a spherical trigonometry that differs from ordinary trigonometry in many respects; for example, the sum of the interior angles of a spherical triangle exceeds 180 degrees.
In geometry, a spherical cap or spherical dome is a portion of a sphere or of a ball cut off by a plane. It is also a spherical segment of one base, i.e., bounded by a single plane. If the plane passes through the center of the sphere (forming a great circle ), so that the height of the cap is equal to the radius of the sphere, the spherical ...
This geometry also defines lunes of greater angles: {2} π-θ, and {2} 2π-θ. In spherical geometry, a spherical lune (or biangle) is an area on a sphere bounded by two half great circles which meet at antipodal points. [1] It is an example of a digon, {2} θ, with dihedral angle θ. [2] The word "lune" derives from luna, the Latin word for Moon.
Once the radius is fixed, the three coordinates (r, θ, φ), known as a 3-tuple, provide a coordinate system on a sphere, typically called the spherical polar coordinates. The plane passing through the origin and perpendicular to the polar axis (where the polar angle is a right angle ) is called the reference plane (sometimes fundamental plane ).
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In solid geometry, an ungula is a region of a solid of revolution, cut off by a plane oblique to its base. [1] A common instance is the spherical wedge.The term ungula refers to the hoof of a horse, an anatomical feature that defines a class of mammals called ungulates.
In geometry, many uniform tilings on sphere, euclidean plane, and hyperbolic plane can be made by Wythoff construction within a fundamental triangle, (p q r), defined by internal angles as π/p, π/q, and π/r. Special cases are right triangles (p q 2).