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See also References A amadou Main article: amadou A spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi. arson Main article: arson The crime of intentionally or maliciously lighting structures, wildland areas, cars or other property on fire. It is the deliberate setting of fires for personal, monetary or political gain. auto reignition Main article: Auto reignition A process used in gas ...
1962 Nick Holonyak Jr. develops the first practical visible-spectrum (red) light-emitting diode. 1963 Kurt Schmidt invents the first high pressure sodium-vapor lamp. [19] 1972 M. George Craford invents the first yellow light-emitting diode. 1972 Herbert Paul Maruska and Jacques Pankove create the first violet light-emitting diode.
With the discovery of fire, the earliest form of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area were campfires or torches. As early as 400,000 years ago, fire was kindled in the caves of Peking Man. Prehistoric people used primitive oil lamps to illuminate surroundings.
Fire making, fire lighting or fire craft is the process of artificially starting a fire. It requires completing the fire triangle , usually by heating tinder above its autoignition temperature . Fire is an essential tool for human survival and the use of fire was important in early human cultural history since the Lower Paleolithic .
A lightning protection system includes a network of air terminals, bonding conductors, and ground electrodes designed to provide a low impedance path to ground for potential strikes. Lightning protection systems are used to prevent lightning strike damage to structures. Lightning protection systems mitigate the fire hazard which lightning ...
From the Iron Age forward, until the invention of the friction match in the early 1800s by John Walker, the use of flint and steel was a common method of fire lighting. Percussion fire-starting was prevalent in Europe during ancient times, the Middle Ages and the Viking Age. [3] [6] When flint and steel were used, the fire steel was often kept ...
An optical beam smoke detector is a device that uses a projected beam of light to detect smoke across large areas, [1] typically as an indicator of fire. [2] They are used to detect fires in buildings where standard point smoke detectors would either be uneconomical [3] or restricted for use by the height of the building.
Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention, also known as oxygen reduction system (ORS), is an active fire protection technique based on a permanent reduction of the oxygen concentration in the protected rooms. Unlike traditional fire suppression systems that usually extinguish fire after it is detected, hypoxic air is able to prevent fire.