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In January 1999 Ireland was one of eleven European Union member states which launched the European Single Currency, the euro. Euro banknotes are issued in €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €200 and €500 denominations and share the common design used across Europe, however like other countries in the eurozone, Ireland has its own unique ...
The Free State had the advantage, not possessed by Northern Ireland, of fiscal independence but the violence and disruption of the years 1919–1923 had caused a great deal of economic damage. As a result of the Civil War of 1922–23, the Free State started out with a very serious budget deficit, which was not fully cleared until 1931. [13]
In the 18th century English trade with Ireland was the most important branch of English overseas trade 1. Absentee landlords drew off some £800,000 p.a. in farm rents in the early part of the century, rising to £1 million, in an economy that amounted to about £4 million.
Indonesia sold $183 million to Ireland in 2021. Computers ($33.9 million), polyacetals ($10.6 million) and office machine parts ($9.16 million) are Indonesia's top exports to Ireland. 26 years prior, Indonesian exports to Ireland have risen at an average rate of 4.75% from $54.7 million to $183 million.
British rule in Ireland built upon the 12th-century Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland on behalf of the English king and eventually spanned several centuries that involved British control of parts, or the entirety, of the island of Ireland. Most of Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom following the Anglo-Irish War in the early 20th ...
The English Reformation in the 1500s increased the antagonism between England and Ireland, as the Irish remained Catholic, which became a justification for the English to oppress the Irish. In Ireland, during the Tudor and Stuart eras , the English Crown initiated a large-scale colonization of Ireland with Protestant settlers from Britain ...
This replaced the Constitution of the Irish Free State and declared that the name of the state is Éire, or "Ireland" in the English language. [46] While Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution defined the national territory to be the whole island, they also confined the state's jurisdiction to the area that had been the Irish Free State.
Having put down this rebellion, Henry resolved to bring Ireland under English government control so the island would not become a base for future rebellions or foreign invasions of England. In 1542, he upgraded Ireland from a lordship to a full kingdom. Henry was proclaimed King of Ireland at a meeting of the Irish Parliament that year.