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  2. False positives and false negatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_positives_and_false...

    The false positive rate is equal to the significance level. The specificity of the test is equal to 1 minus the false positive rate. In statistical hypothesis testing, this fraction is given the Greek letter α, and 1 − α is defined as the specificity of the test. Increasing the specificity of the test lowers the probability of type I errors ...

  3. Bishop score - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_score

    Bishop score, also Bishop's score or cervix score, is a pre-labor scoring system to assist in predicting whether induction of labor will be required. [1] It has also been used to assess the likelihood of spontaneous preterm delivery. [2]

  4. Pregnancy test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_test

    Medical providers often struggle to 'rule out' pregnancy for medical testing or treatment that cannot be conducted during pregnancy before they can do an accurate urine pregnancy test. [ 25 ] More rare, false negative results can also occur due to a " hook effect ", where a sample with a very high level of hCG is tested without dilution ...

  5. A week-by-week guide to common pregnancy symptoms - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/week-week-guide-common...

    Pregnancy Symptoms Week 1. It's a bit of a mind-bender, but you aren't actually pregnant during what doctors call "week one" of pregnancy. Instead, week one starts on the first day of your last ...

  6. Sensitivity and specificity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity

    A positive result in a test with high specificity can be useful for "ruling in" disease, since the test rarely gives positive results in healthy patients. [5] A test with 100% specificity will recognize all patients without the disease by testing negative, so a positive test result would definitively rule in the presence of the disease. However ...

  7. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

    The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.